Fuel cells do not need to be periodically recharged like batteries, but instead continue to produce electricity as long as a fuel source is provided. Nov 01, 2004 this report documents the status of the us department of energys fuel cells program as of the end of fy 87. A control system, based on power electronics, to integrate the fuel cells and the generator into a hybrid system were thought of. The fuel cell model also was improved to include the ability to reject heat into the hot.
Vehicle system optimization was performed with the goal of maximizing fuel economy over a drive cycle. Control of pem fuel cell power system using sliding mode and supertwisting algorithms mohamed derbeli a, maissa farhat b, oscar barambones c, lassaad sbita a a national engineering school of gabes, dept. An overview of fuel cells currently under development. This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information. Research on control algorithm of proton exchange membrane. Vehicle system impacts of fuel cell system power response. Fuel cell setpoints at maximum when ng price is low, at zero when ng price is high. The diagnosis system should not only allow the fault detection and isolation but also to the fault magnitude estimation. A battery may be present, but only for startup such as a 12v battery. Data acquisition and control for the rfc is provided by a multithreading suite of nasa glenn. Choose the right battery fuel gauge for fast timeto. Two fuel cell related control problems are investigated in this study, namely, the control of the cathode oxygen supply for a highpressure direct hydrogen fuel cell system fcs and control of the anode hydrogen supply from a natural gas fuel processor system fps. The initial dispatch controller optimization formulation was improved to include allowance of fuel cell startup and shutdown during optimization.
The converter is loaded by an rl element of 6kw with a time constant of 1 sec. Current control type power distribution algorithm of indirect. Fuel cell engine technology hydrogen fuel cell engines and related technologies. For the purpose of keeping accurate temperature control under dynamic loads and achieving rapid warmup control during coldstart, a 35 kw. Active energy harvesting from microbial fuel cells at the. For pemfc, whether the supply of oxygen for cathode is adequate or not is a critical factor for its net output power and service life. First, a pem hybrid fuel cell system hfcs model is discussed and each submodel is analyzed in detail. The control strategy takes actual speed and acceleration of the vehicle and system losses into account for regulating the energy and power supply to the propulsion load. First fuel cellfirst fuel cell 3 in 1839, william grove, a british jurist and amateur physicist, first discovered the principle of the fuel cell. Over the years, there had been many hypes regarding possible technologies and fuels, enabling sustainable developments in.
The fuel cell output voltage is boosted through dc dc converter. The output power of a fuel cell is immensely dependent on cell temperature and membrane water content. Optimal stationary fuel cell integration and control energy. Lqrbased power train control method design for fuel cell. The fuel cell which acts as a practical generator did not begin until the 1950s, when the u.
The ic monitors a multipleseries cell battery pack with an external resistor divider. Introduction the first fuel cell was built in the year 1839 by sir william grove, a lawyer and scientist. The fuel cell chosen in this work is the mark 902pem fuel cell from ballard 12 with 85 kw nominal power at 280v. Range in system cost due to uncertainty in input parameters 7 figure 6.
Grove utilized four cells, each containing hydrogen and oxygen, to produce electric power which was then used to split the water in the smaller upper cell into hydrogen and oxygen. Current control type power distribution algorithm of. An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology by brian cook, heliocentris vancouver, canada whereas the 19th century was the century of the steam engine and the 20th century was the century of the internal combustion engine, it is likely that the 21st century will be the century of the fuel cell. The paper presents a new control strategy and design for auxiliary energy source aes used in battery hybrid electric vehicle bhev based on the acceleration power. Maintaining proper membrane humidity is crucial to ensure optimal operation of a poly mer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system. The report consists of 1 an overview of the fuel cells program including a brief discussion of how fuel cells work. Fuel cell vehicle control fuel cell control laboratory. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the design and power management control fuel cellsupercapacitor and fuel cellbattery hybrid electric vehicles and to provide a comparative study between the two configurations. This paper intends to propose a novel control algorithm for utilizing a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell pemfc as a main power source and batteries as a complementary source, for hybrid. The nominal fuel cell stack voltage is 45vdc and the nominal power is 6kw. Cooling system is a key component which directly affects the fuel cell performance, reliability and durability.
In the paper, we propose a power split control algorithm able to manage the power flow between fuel cell and the auxiliary storage system according to their dynamic behavior. A power split control algorithm for fuel cell electric vehicles using batteries or supercapacitors as auxiliary storage system poster pdf available june 2017 with 45 reads how we. Energy production from mfcs has been demonstrated using external resistors or charge pumps, but such methods can only dissipate energy through heat or receive electrons passively from the mfc without any controllability. Modeling, analysis and control of fuel cell electric hybrid power systems by kyung won suh chair. Control algorithm for fuel cell backup power operation with grid support 10. Fuel cell system control algorithm for stable operation of. Fuel cell vehicle energy management strategy based on the. Modelbased prognostic algorithm for pem fuel cells system page 4 of 25 subsystems, as well as the fc stacks, the hydrogen line, the air line and the cooling system, are also drafted. This study developed a new approach and system that can. Ieee transactions on control systems technology, 152. The fuel cell is sized to provide all the power needed to run the vehicle.
A fuel cell system has a purge valve that adjusts the amount of nitrogen in a hydrogen circulation channel and a fuel electrode to be discharged through a discharge channel. A kalman filter kf observer is introduced to estimate state of charge soc of the battery firstly, and then a linear quadratic regulator is constructed. A power split control algorithm for fuel cell electric vehicles using batteries or supercapacitors as auxiliary storage system poster pdf available june 2017 with 45. Fuel cell control algorithm development and implementation, ford motor company, dearborn, usa. Modeling, analysis and control of fuel cell hybrid power. Dc dc converter positive and negative outputs are respectively connected with lithium battery sets positive and negative outputs. Amount of xe 5 in the fuel element number 128 as a function of time after reactor shutdown when the fuel element was depleted at different power. The cover picture shows major steps in the development of battery, electric, and fuel cell vehicles. The fuel cell may be connected to the propulsion motor in several ways 3. Introduction fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy into electricity. A cascaded extremum seeking control algorithm with a local pi controller is proposed to regulate the temperature to a fuel cell voltage maximum. Regenerative fuel cells are a comparatively new type of fuel cell technology that is currently under development by organizations such as nasa.
Design of a fuel cell system design of a specification of requirements for a fuel cell system for the electric power generation in a 77foot sailing ship master of science thesis sebastian emanuelsson jonatan persson department of energy and environment division of electric power engineering chalmers university of technology. A purge rate correcting unit variably sets a target control value of the nitrogen content in the hydrogen circulation channel and the fuel electrode by taking into account whether a driving mode is set. This configuration is typically possible only with direct hydrogen fuel cell systems. Model of fuel cell the dynamic model of the open system of the fuel cell stack can be determined by 1. Optimal stationary fuel cell integration and control. Electricautomatic, university of gabes, gabes, tunisia. Control algorithm of fuel cell and batteries for distributed generation system article pdf available in ieee transactions on energy conversion 231. A methodology is also developed for modeling the power grid demand for a. A fuel cell is composed of an anode, cathode, and an electrolyte membrane. Enable safe operation and switching between different modes of operations parallel mode fuel cell and battery share the system load load following mode fuel cell supplies all the power to the system charging mode fuel cell charges the battery via the dcdc.
Dcdc converter output current and output power are regulated by the dcdc. However, the slow dynamics of the temperature related catalyst. Protection the primary protection for the liion cell resides in the battery pack and protects the cell from overvoltage, undervoltage and overcurrent conditions. The parameters of the fuel cell are given in table 2.
Modelbased prognostic algorithm for pem fuel cells system. Engineering issues like how to cool the fuel cell stack and whether to pressurize the fuel cell are discussed in general terms and the feasibility of certain design options is determined. The max17261 is an ultralow power fuel gauge ic which implements the maxim modelgauge m5 algorithm. An indirect fuel cell hybrid vehicle test bench is established for validating the control algorithm. Microbial fuel cell mfc technology offers a sustainable approach to harvest electricity from biodegradable materials. Fc thermal output not needed in this cooling scenario. Fuel cell system control with rapid prototyping springerlink. Seventh edition fuel cell handbook technical report. This required moving to mixed integer linear programming for the algorithm formulation. In this paper, a model based fault diagnosis is proposed as a way to diagnose faults in fuel cell systems.
Hightemperature fuel cells such as pafcs, mcfcs, and sofcs can use natural gas supplied through a pipeline and avoid hydrogen delivery and storage needs. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell pemfc is taken to be the ultimate technical direction of vehicle power. Vehicle power and propulsion conference, 2009, vppc 09, ieee. Hydrogenoxygen pem regenerative fuel cell energy storage. Optimal hybrid vehicle design scenarios were derived for fuel cell systems with. The control algorithm and process for safety and stable operation of a residential fuel cell system was briefly introduced this paper. It includes electrochemical energy technology as in. The minimum cell temperature settles to the target in. Charge control charge control provides the appropriate power conversion and control technique to charge the liion cell. Pdf accelerationbased control strategy and design for. Fuel cell has been considered as one of the optimistic renewable power technologies for the automotive applications. The objective of the strategy is to minimise the cost of ownership of a lowpower 15 kw fuel cell fcbattery electric vehicle. A generic fuel cell model for the simulation of fuel cell vehicles. Those three states comprise 95 percent of the current domestic fuel cell market.
Us82320b2 fuel cell system and method for controlling. Hydrogenoxygen pem regenerative fuel cell energy storage system nasatm20052381. A boost converter is used to interface the pem fuel cell to the dc bus voltage. A feasibility study zhiwen ma, josh eichman, and jennifer kurtz.
Modeling, analysis and control of fuel cell hybrid power systems. For a better understanding of the different subsystems interactions for model development, a plan is proposed in figure 2. Based on the mathematical model of fuel cell hybrid vehicle fchv proposed in our previous study, a multistate feedback control strategy of the hybrid power train is designed based on the linear quadratic regulator lqr algorithm. Performance improvement by temperature control of an open. Hence, a maximum power point tracking controller is essentially required to extract the optimum power from the fuel cell stack. Fuel cell backup power unit configuration and electricity market participation. The modelgauge m5 ez algorithm makes fuel gauge implementation. Stefanopoulou transient performance is a key characteristic of fuel cells, that is sometimes more critical than e. Modeling, pid control, fuel cell, controller design i. Modelbased fuel cell system control design, ford motor company, dearborn, usa. A novel proton exchange membrane fuel cellbattery partial. A durable fuel cell power system including hydrogen storage that achieves 60% energy efficiency when operating at peak power and that offers a 325 wkg power density and 220 wl operating on hydrogen.
Optimal stationary fuel cell integration and control energy dispatch controller. The normal startupshutdown process, load following process and emergency shutdown process were explained. Reliability control study minimum temperature control. In the1960s, international fuel cells in windsor connecticut developed a fuel cell power. Fuel cells from fundamentals to systems publishes on all aspects of fuel cells, ranging from their molecular basis including theory and with molecular processes at catalyst surfaces and microscopic processes in membranes to their application in systems such as power plants, road vehicles and power sources in portables. The i2c interface provides access to data and control registers. California leads the nation in fuel cell installations, with just under 45 mw, roughly split half natural gas and half biogas. This study presents a novel energy management strategy ems which outperforms the published strategies developed for an international technology challenge, ieee vehicular technology society vts motor vehicles challenge 2017.
Analysis, modeling, and validation for the thermal dynamics of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system. Research on control algorithm of air supply system for. Loadconnection options of fuel cell power system in standalone nanogrid, microgrid, and grid. The power electronics system must be aware of the temperaturelhydration level of the fuel cell stack to prevent a fault condition, limiting the power drawn until the fuel cell is capable of meeting demands. Pdf control algorithm of fuel cell and batteries for. Recent literature suggested that current ripple caused by. Anfismppt control algorithm for a pemfc system used in. Parallel hybrid configuration an overview sciencedirect. In the relatively small body of available literature, there are some apparently contradictory statements. Fuel cell systems are a clean, efficient, reliable, and quiet source of power. Seventh edition fuel cell handbook technical report osti. A methodology is also developed for modeling the power grid demand for a 24 hour cycle. Design, modeling and energy management of a pem fuel cell. Finally, a nonlinear control strategy based on second order sliding mode is designed and analysed in order to show suitability and usefulness of the approach.
This report documents the status of the us department of energys fuel cells program as of the end of fy 87. Cstmst dtst dt qst qw qrc qvap, 1 where cst is the heat capacity of the stack jkg1k1, which is replaced by the heat capacity of the bipolar plate, mst is the quality of the stack kg, tst is the temperature of the stack k, qst is the heat. Whereas studies about the design of fuel cell systems and the electrochemical properties of their components abound in the open literature, there has been only a minor interest, albeit growing, in dynamics and control of fuel cells. Control algorithm for fuel cell backup power operation with grid support 10 figure 8. Connecticut and new york follow as the second and third ranked states with current fuel cell installations at 25 mw and 10 mw, respectively. Ph system controller and control algorithm designed to. The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of. Fuel cell backup power unit configuration and electricity. The discussion on the future automotive technology has already been ongoing for many years and seems to intensify recently. Control of pem fuel cell power system using sliding mode. The impacts of fuel cell system power response capability on optimal hybrid and neat fuel cell vehicle configurations have been explored. Implement generic hydrogen fuel cell stack model simulink.
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